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You talk about the episode in John 21:15-17 where Jesus is confronting Peter. In this they use two Greek words for love, Agape and Philia, in a powerful juxtaposition. Most scholars will say that Jesus was trying to encourage Peter to rise to the level of the Godly type of Agape love, but Peter could not get above the friendship Philia love.

I think we could review this perspective. It was about two weeks after Jesus’ resurrection, that he called the Apostles out of their fishing boat to have breakfast with him on the beach: "When they had finished breakfast, Jesus asked Simon Peter, "Simon, son of Johnas, do you love (Agape) me more than these?" Peter told him, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love (Philia) you. "Jesus told him, "Feed my lambs." Then he asked him a second time, "Simon, son of Johnas, do you love (Agape) me?" Peter told him, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love (Philia) you." Jesus told him, "Take care of my sheep." He asked him a third time, "Simon, son of Johnas, do you love (Philia) me?" Peter was deeply hurt that he had asked him a third time, "Do you love (Philia) me?" So, he told him, "Lord, you know everything. You know that I love (Agape) you!" Jesus told him, "Feed my sheep”. (John 21:15-17)

While Agape is used in many important scriptures, it’s not strictly speaking “Godly” love, but (according to Strong’s Concordance) it’s more a general, social or moral love. In comparison, Philia is a more personal and intimate love, between friends. When Jesus first asked Peter if he loved him, in the social love of Agape, Peter responded with “I love you like a personal friend” with Philia. Jesus then repeated what he said, and Peter responded the same way. Then Jesus asked him a third time, but this time he used the word Philia. We are told that Peter was deeply hurt that he had asked him a third time, "Do you love (Philia) me?" Was this because Jesus asked Peter three times, reminding him of the three denials of Jesus just a few days before, or was it because Jesus questioned the genuineness of his Philia friendship?

The fact that Peter was so grieved at this third question, could imply that Jesus was asking Peter if he really was his friend. If this is the case, then we can see that Peter’s reply is his stricken understanding of Jesus’ deep insight into Peter’s mindset. It seems that Peter realized that he could not be truly considered to be Jesus’ Philia friend, but Peter did, however, love him in the social Agape sense.

Peter responded to the first two questions by saying “Yes, Lord, you know that I love (Philia) you”. It’s as if he’s saying, “of course Lord, I love you in the social Agape way, because you know that I love you as my close Philia friend”. Jesus then questions his friendship, and Peter is distraught. But in his amazing capacity to come back, Peter quickly realized that Jesus was teaching him the lesson, that God accepted and loved (Agape) him, even though Peter had failed him as his friend (Philia).

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